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====== Client Scripting Interface ======

The **client scripting interface** can be used to control a Crossfire client using an external program (//script//). This interface can be used to extend the client or automate repetitive tasks (see [[client_side_scripting:scripts|sample scripts]]).

The script is started from the client and communicates by reading information from standard input and writing commands to standard output. A full list of commands can be found below.


===== Before we start =====

Various and sundry clients are available for this game. For JXClient, the snapshot build as of 27-Jan-2020 is current.

===== Getting Started =====

The ''script'' command starts a script at the given path. The script must be executable (''chmod +x'' with an appropriate shebang). For some languages, it may be necessary to write a wrapper script to execute the actual program.

The ''scripts'' command lists running scripts with a numeric identifier. Scripts can be stopped using the ''scriptkill'' command. The ''scripttell'' command can be used to send arbitrary commands to a script.

==== Hello World ====

Save the following script in a file, mark it executable, and run it in the client using the ''script'' command:

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    print("issue 1 1 say Hello, world!")

The ''issue'' interface command runs a given command as if a user typed it into the command window. It takes 3 arguments: //repeat//, the number of times to repeat the command (typically used for dropping items); //must_send//, an integer either zero or one; and //command//, the command to execute.


==== Monitoring ====

What to do next? As you can see, our script doesn't wait very long after issuing commands. And it doesn't get information from the client at all. In fact it just //hopes// it is really speaking to the client. We are going to write a simple script which will __issue__ a command to the client and then gets the result. We are going to spy!\\ 
\\ 
Use the following script and run it in client. Ensure you ran the client in a console or you won't see any result!

  #include <stdbool.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  
  #define LENGTH 200
  
  int main() {
      char buffer[LENGTH];
  
      // Ask the client for a copy of all commands sent to the server.
      fprintf(stdout, "monitor\n");
      fflush(stdout);
  
      // Read the commands and print to standard error.
      while (fgets(buffer, LENGTH, stdin) != NULL) {
          fputs(buffer, stderr);
      }
  
      return 0;
  }

Now move a bit in the game. A few steps are enough! Look at your console, you should see something like this:

  monitor 0 0 east
  
  monitor 0 0 east
  
  monitor 0 0 east
  
  monitor -1 0 run 7
  
  monitor -1 1 run_stop

If you type the command __scripts__ in your client you will see our script is still running.\\ 
\\ 
Let's look more closely at the code. We define a character buffer and a length. We will use the buffer to read what the client sends to the script. Then our script sends to the client the command __monitor__ (don't forget the \n). This command asks the client to give the script a copy of all commands sent from the client to the server. Now each time a command is sent from client to server, the script will get a "monitor <command>" string.\\ 
\\ 

==== A strange C command ====
  fflush(stdout)

The stdout has something called a buffer. When you write to output device, it's not immediatly sent to it. For performance reasons, successive print to stdout are grouped. Most of the time, \n is enough to force sending of data, but we ensure all data are sent to client by flushing the stdout (force empty buffer). In the future, when you think client didn't get a command but the script did send it, ensure you flushed stdout.\\ 
\\ 
Then comes a loop. This loop will read from stdin (where client puts informations for the script) and copy them to stderr (our only access to console since stdout is a connection to client). Because I don't want to use scanf I used the binary read and write commands. Stdin is the file handle 0 and stderr is file handle 2. We first read up to 200 char from stdin and if we read something we write it to stderr. If we didn't read anything, that means we have lost the client (shouldn't happen) and we simply exit.

Since we asked to monitor all commands from client to server, we get them. These commands are our move commands and they use the same format as issue. If you run our first script while this second script is still running, you will still say hello world, but you'll get the following in your console:

  monitor 1 1 say hello world

So client sends us lines made of

  monitor <repeat> <must_send> <command>

Now kill the script by typing command

  scriptkill <pathtoscript>

or
  scriptkill <number>

Then type __scripts__ to ensure it's stopped (or to figure out the number of the script). Edit it, comment the line printf("monitor\n"), compile and run the script again. Move and look at console. You see nothing. The script didn't ask anything so the client didn't tell it anything. Your script will only get that for which it asks.

Now try the following code:

  #include <stdio.h>
  
  int main (){
        char buf[200];
        int len;
        printf ("watch stats\n");
        fflush (stdout);
        for(;;){               
                len=read(0,buf,200);
                if(len)
                        write(2,buf,len);               
                else
                        exit(-1);
        }
  }


This time we are requesting commands sent from server to client. But there are far more of them. So watch takes as argument the beginning of all commands we want to get. Here we want every stat command from client. And in our console we see, when running script:

  watch stats food 398
  
  watch stats food 397
  
  watch stats food 396
  
  watch stats food 395

Wow! This mean we know when food is low and we can ask our script to invoke restoration (remember the __issue__ command?) when our character's food gets below 50! No starvation anymore.


===== Reference =====

There are two things you can still do with Script. The first is to request a bit of informations. The client then tells the script what it wants to know. The second thing is triggering an action of the script from client interface. The command scripttell allows player to say something to a script. The script will get the exact command typed by player. See below for command list.


==== Commands to client ====
Here is a list of command the script can send to client.

  * //watch <command type>// - watch the given command from server-client protocol. <command type> specifies the commands we want to watch. Set to empty to get all commands.
  * //unwatch <command type>// - unwatch the given command from server-client protocol. <command type> specifies the commands we want to watch. Set to empty to get all commands.
  * //request <data type>// - Request a piece of informations from client memory. Following is a table of <data type> allowed:

<box round | Data Type Table>
^ Data Type ^ Comment ^
| range	    | Return the type and name of the currently selected range attack |
| stat <type>     | Return the specified stats |
| stat stats | Return Str,Con,Dex,Int,Wis,Pow,Cha |
| stat cmbt | Return wc,ac,dam,speed,weapon_sp |
| stat hp | Return hp,maxhp,sp,maxsp,grace,maxgrace,food |
| stat xp | Return level,xp,skill-1 level,skill-1 xp,... |
| stat resists | Return resistances |
| weight | Return maxweight, weight |
| flags | Return flags (fire, run) |
| items inv | Return a list of items in the inventory, one per line |
| items actv | Return a list of inventory items that are active, one per line |
| items on | Return a list of items under the player, one per line |
| items cont | Return a list of items in the open container, one per line |
| map pos | Return the players x,y within the current map |
| map near | Return the 3x3 grid of the map centered on the player |
| map all | Return all the known map information |
| map <x> <y> | Return the information about square x,y in the current map (relative to player position)|
| player      | Return the player's tag and title |
| skills      | Return a list of all skill names, one per line (see also stat xp) |
| spells      | Return a list of known spells, one per line |
| stat paths  | Return spell paths: attuned, repelled, denied |
Note: player, skills, spells, stat path were added between versions 1.11 and 1.50 of the client.\\
</box>

FIXME \\
:!: In order to get the result of the request into your script's stdin you have to "watch request <data type>" before you do the request.\\
:!: No, you do not need to watch requests (anymore?). The client will send the request to stdin of the script.

  * //issue <repeat> <must_send> <command>// - send <command> to server on behalf of client. <repeat> is the number of times to execute command <must_send> tells whether or not the command must sent at all cost (1 or 0). <repeat> and <must_send> are optional parameters. See [[#The Issue Command]] for more details.
  * //issue mark <tag>// - special case of issue command. only gets the command 'mark' and a object tag
  * //issue lock <new state> <tag>// - special case of issue command. Only gets the command 'lock' with 2 parameters
  * //draw <color> <text>// - draw the following text on client interface with given color. Usefull for debugging and may help you to forget about using the stderr.
  * //monitor// - start monitoring commands send from client to server. Doesn't take any parameter. This goes to the script's stdin automatically.
  * //unmonitor// - stop monitoring commands send from client to server. Doesn't take any parameter.

==== Information from client ====
Here is an incomplete list of information strings send by client to script. Those informations are sent only because the client asked them, except for scripttell.

  * //scripttell <yourname> <additional data>// - user send special command to this script specifically
  * //monitor <repeat> <must_send> <command>//
  * //monitor mark <tag>//
  * //monitor lock <new state> <tag>// - If monitor is on, <command> is a command send to server by the client with given repeat. mark and lock are special cases.
  * //watch <command>  <data>// - You have put a watch on command or a part of command (like A to watch for AddMe command). This command was send by server and your are notified of it. Content of <data> vary on command and maybe very complex
  * //request map <x> <y>  <darkness> <need_update> <have_darkness> <need_resmooth> <cleared> smooth <face_bottom> <face_middle> <face_top> heads <face_bottom> <face_middle> <face_top> tails <face_bottom> <face_middle> <face_top>// - Bunch of informations about square <x>,<y>
  * //request map <x> <y> unknown// - error occured.
  * //request map pos <x> <y>// - Tells script current position of player
  * //request map end// - Marks the end of a complete map transfer from client to script. Helpful.

  * FIXME ** NOTE more information strings to be added here, incomplete list **



==== The issue command ====
This command has it's particularities. I'll try to detail all I've encountered so far.

Usage:
  issue [<repeat> [<must_send>]] <command>

  * //<repeat>// - Times the command should be issued. It's an optional numeric parameter. (Doesn't always work as expected)
  * //<must_send>// - May be 1 or 0. If set to 1 the command will always be sent to the server. Otherwise it //may// be discarded under certain circumstances. 

The next examples should clarify the use of numeric parameters.

**Some examples that work:**
  issue 0 0 apply
  issue 0 1 apply
  issue 1 0 apply
  issue 1 1 apply
  issue 1 1 stay f
  issue 0 0 stay f
  issue 1 1 south
  issue 0 0 south
  issue 0 0 examine bag
  issue 1 0 get nugget (works as 'get 1 nugget')
  issue 2 0 get nugget (works as 'get 2 nugget')
  issue 1 1 get nugget (works as 'get 1 nugget')
  issue 2 1 get nugget (works as 'get 2 nugget')
  issue 0 0 get nugget (works as 'get nugget')
  issue lookat 2 3 (works as left clicking on the spot 2 tiles to your right and 3 tiles down, coords are relative to player position)

Some examples that **do NOT** work:
  issue apply
  issue 0 apply
  issue 1 apply
  issue 2 0 apply  (works only once, not twice as expected)
  issue 2 1 apply  (works only once, not twice as expected)
  issue get 4 nugget
  issue 4 1 south  (works only once, not 4 times as expected)
  issue 4 0 south  (works only once, not 4 times as expected)
  issue 1 1 lookat 2 3
  issue 0 1 lookat 2 3
  issue 0 0 lookat 2 3

FIXME add a complete set of commands that work with <repeat> and another of those that work without it.


===== Platform-Specific Notes =====

Scripting works thanks to a patch from archaios. Known issues are:

    * If you want to run a Perl script for instance, you need to issue 'perl <script_name.pl>, even if .pl is correctly seen as perl script.
    * If script doesn't output anything, try turning off buffering (in perl $| = 1) or flush your pipe, or add a sleep at end of program. It seems Windows closes pipes at script termination before client gets time to grab output.
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